The war in Ukraine has delivered perhaps the most important armored warfare lesson since World War II. Remarkably, neither the American M1 Abrams nor the German Leopard 2 has performed as Western planners envisioned when designing the tanks during the Cold War. Built for fast-moving armored offensives under the cover of NATO air superiority, these tanks now face a battlefield saturated with 21st-century tech, including FPV drones, loitering munitions, constant aerial surveillance, and precision artillery.
The result: tanks are struggling to survive.