Summary and Key Points: In the 1970s, under CNO Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, the Navy studied the CVV — a smaller, conventionally powered carrier meant as a cheaper alternative to the nuclear supercarrier.
Pitched as a “minimum-cost” ship at $550 million, its price ballooned to $1.5 billion, and the design was compromised: only 52–60 aircraft versus a Nimitz’s 90, half the catapults and elevators, fuel for barely a day. Analysts found two CVVs would cost more than one Nimitz — so America kept building supercarriers.
USS Gerald R.