Author: Michael

As debates intensify around the defense policy consequences of a second Trump presidency for Europe, much of the commentary misses a critical dimension: the material realities shaping European security and defense. The war of attrition in Ukraine has laid bare Europe’s urgent need for a stronger defense industrial base. Following the U.S. Department of Defense, the E.U. Commission published its first defense-industrial strategy in March 2024, setting even more ambitious targets for joint development and procurement than those previously unmet.

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